✓Origin: Canada

✓Extraction Method: Steam Distillation

✓Botanical Name: Picea mariana

✓Plant Part: Fresh twigs & needles

✓Plant Description: Black Spruce is a majestic conifer ranging in height from of 8 to 25 meters. These trees look after the Canadian forests from coast to coast, because this conifer grows where other species cannot grow. Favoring moist, sandy or peaty soils, this tree covers North America mainly from Canada’s Far North to the edge of the low Arctic tundra, as well as the northeastern United States. Its twigs are rough and its frayed bark is reddish brown when young and darker when mature. Its greyish-green needles are straight and tight along its branches. Its fruit is a small purple cone that changes to light brown. Of the forty varieties of spruce, it is the most resistant to very cold climates. It can withstand up to -60 degree Celsius temperatures according to some studies. Without its biggest enemy, which is fire, this tree could live up to 280 years.

✓Aroma: Woody, fresh, evergreen

✓Aroma Description: Smell of fresh conifer, the soft resin is almost icy, slightly spicy with hints of citrus.

✓History: Native people have been using many medicinal plants from the boreal forest for thousands of years for healing purposes. This knowledge is generally held as a form of oral tradition. Cree from the woodlands used Black Spruce as an anti-diarrheal medication by making infusions from the cones. At other times the needles and cones were used to treat diabetes. For burns, they made balms from Black Spruce resin and chewed on cones to relieve toothache. The Montagnais First Nations from the Quebec Province used Black Spruce to prepare infusions against sore throats and to cure coughs. Native American children chewed the resin to improve the whiteness of their teeth. They attributed to Black Spruce powerful properties against scurvy.

✓Note: M

✓Consistency: Thin

✓Color: Pale Yellow to Greenish Yellow

✓Blends well with: Pine, Wintergreen

✓Main Constituents: Bornyl acetate, a-pinene, camphene, δ-3-carene

✓Kid Safe: Yes, 2+

✓Skin Sensitivity: Low

✓Pregnancy Safe: Yes

✓Breastfeeding Safe: Yes

✓Dog Safe: Yes

✓Cat Safe: Yes

✓Sun Safe: Yes

✓Other Cautions: If the oil is oxidized skin sensitization may occur.

✓Special Dilution Rate: 5%

✓Blending Factor: 5

✓Shelf life: 5 Years

✓Special Gravity: 0.91